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IT家庭网民：IPv6分发机制科学课程_我的网站

A | 无聊，研究了IPv6运营商的当前分布机制，发现了一个小问题。目前，ISP在给我们分配ipv6时，同时给两个不同网段分配ipv6地址。第一个是唯一的地址，即广域网端口地址。此地址是唯一的，不会用于下行链路分配。    BRUSSELS -- A European Union decision on whether to authorize the use of the controversial chemical herbicide glyphosate in the 27-nation bloc for at least 10 more years was delayed for a month after member countries failed to agree on Friday.The chemical, which is widely used in the 27-nation bloc, is approved on the EU market until mid-December. Representatives of the EU’s executive arm and member countries voted Friday in favor of renewing its authorization until 2033, despite protests from environmental groups. But to be adopted, the 10-year extension proposed by the European Commission required a “qualified majority,” defined as 55% of the 27 members representing at least 65% of the total EU population of some 450 million people. Several member states abstained, and that was not achieved. The European Commission is now expected to amend its proposal before another vote takes place next month. Ultimately, if no consensus is found, the Commission will have the final say.Green members of the European Parliament welcomed the delay and urged member states to vote for a complete ban of glyphosate.“It is irresponsible to again renew the authorization of the use of glyphosate,” said Bas Eickhout, the vice-chair of the Parliament's environment committee. "This would give the big agri a blank check to earn billions by selling a pesticide for which there are still big gaps in knowledge about the effects on our health, and at the same time poses large risks for European biodiversity.”Over the past decade, glyphosate, used in products like the weedkiller Roundup, has been at the heart of heated scientific debate about whether it causes cancer and its possible disruptive effect on the environment. The chemical was introduced by Monsanto in 1974 as an effective way of killing weeds while leaving crops and plants intact.The France-based International Agency for Research on Cancer, which is part of the World Health Organization, classified it as a “probable human carcinogen” in 2015. The EU’s food safety agency had paved the way for the 10-year extension when it said in July it “did not identify critical areas of concern” in the use of glyphosate. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found in 2020 that the herbicide did not pose a health risk to people, but a federal appeals court in California ordered the agency last year to reexamine that ruling, saying it wasn’t supported by enough evidence.EU member states are responsible for authorizing the use of products including the chemical on their national markets, following a safety evaluation.In France, President Emmanuel Macron had committed to ban glyphosate before 2021 but has since backpedaled. Germany, the EU's biggest economy, plans to stop using it from next year, but the decision could be challenged. Luxembourg’s national ban, for instance, was overturned in court earlier this year.Greenpeace had called on the EU to reject the market reapproval, citing studies indicating that glyphosate may cause cancer and other health problems and could also be toxic to bees. The agroindustry sector, however, claims there are no viable alternatives.“Whatever the final decision that emerges from this re-authorization process, there is one reality that member states will have to face up to,” said Copa-Cogeca, a group representing farmers and agricultural cooperatives. “There is as of yet no equivalent alternative to this herbicide, and without it, many agricultural practices, notably soil conservation, would be rendered complex, leaving farmers with no solutions.”。第二个是前缀地址，它也是网关地址，用于将IPv6地址分配给其余设备。根据IPv6分配规则，前缀地址必须在/60位之内。

B | 目前，中国的运营商有两个前缀，一个是56，另一个是60。电信大部分是56台，联通移动大部分是60台。当然，这个长度不好也不坏，不管是56还是60，你得到的剩余地址量是无穷的，即使你家里的每一个灰尘都被分配到了公网IP上。问题是，操作员只会为您分配一次前缀地址。当路由器获得前缀地址时，其余设备将通过前缀地址向下分配剩余地址。

C | 例如，当您通过PPPoE拨号时，您将获得广域网端口的IP地址。此机制与ipv4:240e:9c:2a04:c8ad:bdd8:af0b:843b:f60/64相同。

D | 然后可以得到前缀IP地址：240E:9C:2CD3:8D00:：1/56。当您的手机连接到WiFi时，路由器将根据此前缀地址为您的手机分配剩余地址，例如240E:9:C:2CD3:8D00:XXXXXX:XXXXXX:XXXXXX:XXXXXX:XXXXXX如果您在家中只使用一个路由器，这样您的网络就不会出现问题，您的设备将通过此路由器在前缀下分配IPv6地址。问题是，如果您有二级路由器、三级路由器或更多。

E | 如前所述，运营商只会为您的网络分配一个前缀地址，也就是说，当您家中有二级或更多路由器时。无法通过连接到辅助路由器的设备访问IPv6地址。由于辅助路由器只能获取由主路由分配的IPv6地址，并且无法获取前缀地址，因此无法将地址分配给连接到辅助路由的设备。所以，家庭的朋友们，如果你的家庭是这样的，你需要注意它。当然，还有解决办法。首先，将二级路由器替换为交换模式，使主路由成为唯一的路由器，所有地址都通过主路由器分配。不要怪自己画得不好。其次，如果您确实需要两层或更多层路由器，则只能将非主路由器设置为IPv6穿透模式（passthrough），这相当于主路由器的IPv6分配，以完全工作，即仅适用于IPv6的IPv6交换机。这两种拓扑相当于交换机，但区别在于：第一种是纯IPv4/IPv6都使用单层网络拓扑。二是IPv4采用多层网络拓扑，IPv6采用单层网络拓扑。

F | 需要，取决于他们自己的需要。最后指出，许多朋友的路由器不支持IPv6，因此无法获得IPv6地址。

G | 如果您的运营商已被分配并且Lightcat支持IPv6，请尝试此解决方案：如果使用此解决方案，则Lightcat必须具有强大的性能，否则将出现不稳定。因此，在经济条件允许的情况下，建议购买支持IPv6协议的路由器。

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Published on:02:18:26