天若有情
书名：整蛊专家|作者：笑无语|本书类别：古言|更新时间：15:24:18|字数：3896字
A | 新华社北京8月25日电 近日，中共中央办公厅印发新修订的《党政领导干部生态环境损害责任追究办法》(以下简称《办法》)。日前，中央组织部负责人就《办法》修订和贯彻实施等问题回答了记者提问。
问：这次修订《办法》的背景和意义是什么？
答：生态文明建设，关系人民福祉，关乎民族未来。
Editor's Note:
Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out, "to understand China today, one must learn to understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)." With the rapid development of China's economy and society, and the steady advancement of the Chinese path to modernization, the notable achievements of the CPC have drawn extensive international attention and scholarly interest. Against this backdrop, the Global Times has launched the "CPC in Global Eyes" column, focusing on the feelings, perspectives and insights of international friends from various fields regarding the CPC's historical path and achievements.
They include those who have toured China, who deeply study the CPC in academic fields, who work, live, study, seek employment or do business in various fields in China, and who pay close attention to the CPC's policies and trends, although they haven't visited the country in person. Through their vivid personal experiences, we aim to present a multifaceted overseas view of the CPC.
In the 16th installment of this series, we followed two Latin American scholars as they toured Chinese cities, witnessing how the CPC's people-centered, long-term development vision is translated into tangible everyday improvements - and reflecting on what China's experience might offer for state capacity building in Latin America.
Standing before the glass at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, Ecuadorian scholar María Imelda Robalino gently traced the edge of the giant city model with her fingertips, her eyes reflecting the orderly contours of this megacity stretching toward the horizon. The clear lines linking green spaces along the city's iconic Huangpu River, dense residential neighborhoods and industrial parks drew the public administration scholar, who has long studied urban expansion in Latin America, into deep thought.
Beside her, Mariana Escalante, a Mexican scholar in China studies, gazed at the scrolling timeline of Shanghai's long-term urban plans on a screen and expressed her admiration for the CPC and the Chinese government's all-out efforts in development and construction. "It's very impressive that they're taking care of all the factors that influence Chinese people, not just development and the economy, but also the environment and the well-being of the people," she told the Global Times at the exhibition center.
In June, a delegation of more than 20 think tank scholars from about 15 Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Ecuador, started their tour in China. Over the course of more than 10 days, they visited cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, and went into urban planning exhibition centers, residential communities, Party schools, eco-friendly power plants and university think tanks. Robalino and Escalante were among them. Like many others in the group, they came with a shared purpose: to see for themselves what Chinese modernization under CPC leadership actually looks like.
"I always emphasize the importance of seeing and experiencing China with my own eyes, in addition to learning about it through documents, academic research or news reports," Escalante told the Global Times.
From plans to everyday life
For Escalante, this trip to China was far from her first encounter with the country.
A professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and founder of Mexican Association of Sinology, she has visited China many times before - yet each journey still brings fresh discoveries. "China is a country that changes at an impressive speed, so I try to visit as often as possible," she told the Global Times. "Every trip allows me to observe new processes, and compare what I study in texts with how policies are implemented."
Robalino approached her China visit with a broader set of expectations. Her institution, Ecuador's National Institute of Advanced Studies, has a Center for Chinese Studies, and this trip was meant to deepen existing academic ties. As a scholar of public policy and innovation, she also hoped to observe firsthand how China builds state capacity.
With different expectations, the delegation set off on a "dialogue" spanning mountains and seas. In Shanghai, the Latin American scholars visited the city's urban planning exhibition center and also stepped into one of its most local residential communities. If the former showed them how a metropolis is "planned" into being, the field visit to Block 228 Changbai New Village Subdistrict, or Changbai 228, revealed how planning is translated into everyday life - through the leadership and support of CPC organizations at every level.
On an afternoon in early June, the delegation stepped into Changbai 228 in Shanghai's Yangpu district. Since its completion in 1952, it has served as a warm home for the city's industrial workers. More than seven decades later, through urban planning, it has been transformed into a mixed-use community that preserves historical memory while offering modern services.
As the delegation walked through the neighborhood, they passed one amenity after another: a convenience commercial center, an affordable sports and health center, a restaurant, and subsidized rental housing. Inside a local Party-mass service center, some residents were dancing, while music drifted out into the hall. At the entrance, several scholars paused and, unable to resist, began clapping along to the beat.
"From the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, I was able to observe how the state plans and envisions the development of the city; at Changbai 228, I was able to observe the results of that action from the perspective of the community and everyday life," Robalino told the Global Times. What intrigued her most was "how a planned intervention can become a space that does not feel rigid or imposed, but instead becomes a place for connection and coexistence." To her, the case revealed one of the less visible dimensions of public action: what happens after planning, during implementation, when public decisions become part of people's daily lives.
Escalante was equally struck by what Changbai 228 revealed about the CPC's people-centered philosophy. "What attracted my attention most at 228 was the close connection between urban renewal and the everyday well-being of residents," she said.
"Urban space should not be organized solely around commercial consumption. Changbai 228 includes commercial services, but it also has public and community spaces where people can meet, rest or take part in activities, without consumption necessarily being at the center of the experience." In Escalante's view, the CPC's people-centered approach had taken on tangible form. "Development should not be understood only in economic terms or in terms of economic gain, but also in terms of the people."
An immersive understanding
Having visited China in person and seen firsthand how CPC policies are implemented in everyday life and put at the service of the people, these Latin American scholars with a strong interest in China gained a more immersive understanding of some of the Party's core concepts.
Several of the projects the scholars visited enabled them to observe how these concepts are translated into concrete policies and projects, Escalante said. She pointed to some terms often mentioned by the CPC and the Chinese government, such as "people-centered development," "common prosperity" and "Chinese modernization."
"People-centered development" means that development should not be measured solely by economic growth, infrastructure construction or technological progress, but also by its ability to improve people's livelihoods and quality of life, she added.
The scholar further pointed out that, "common prosperity" adds another layer to this vision: growth and modernization should benefit a broader swath of society, and development should help reduce social and regional inequalities. "What is the point of achieving high levels of economic growth or technological development if a significant part of the population is left outside its benefits?"
As for "Chinese modernization," Escalante described it as a modernization path suited to China's own historical, social and political conditions, rather than the assumption that there is only one universal model to follow.
"The leadership of the CPC is also explicitly presented as one of its central elements. From my perspective, the role of the Party is precisely one of the defining features of this process," she told the Global Times. "The Chinese government has considerable capacity to set long-term development goals, coordinate public policies and mobilize resources toward specific priorities. What interests me is how these broad ideas are translated - or are intended to be translated - into concrete policies, and what results they produce at different levels of society."
Cooperation amid challenges
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of the China-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum. Data show that in 2024 trade between China and Latin American and Caribbean countries exceeded $500 billion for the first time, more than 40 times that of the beginning of this century. In 2025, the figure climbed further to $549 billion. More than 20 Latin American countries had joined the Belt and Road cooperation framework, the Xinhua News Agency reported in May 2025.
Behind the numbers are scholars' observations and reflections. Escalante believes that one of the most practical and promising areas for cooperation between China and Latin America lies in sustainable urban transportation and its integration with new energy - including electric public transit, charging infrastructure, energy storage technologies, smart traffic management systems and shared mobility services. "These are particularly relevant areas for large Latin American cities that face problems such as congestion, pollution, unequal access to transportation and long commuting times," she said.
From the perspective of public administration, Robalino pointed to at least two areas where China and Latin America could find concrete opportunities for South-South cooperation.
"One is the exchange of experience on long-term planning, policy monitoring and strengthening implementation capacity; the other is public innovation," she told the Global Times. "It would be particularly interesting to exchange methodologies for experimentation, institutional learning and scaling up innovations."
When asked about the resurgence of "Monroe Doctrine" thinking in the US, Escalante did not evade the issue. "US influence and pressure on Latin America have a long history," she said. What worries her now, she added, is that the US government has once again publicly invoked the Monroe Doctrine, "which inevitably raises questions in Latin America about sovereignty and the capacity to make our own decisions."
At the same time, Escalante argued that it is too simplistic to explain Latin America's limited autonomy solely through external pressure. "Autonomy also depends on our own capacities. A country with strong institutions, a more diversified economy, lower levels of poverty and inequality, greater scientific and technological capabilities, and a long-term development strategy also has more room to decide with whom it wants to build relations and on what terms," she said.
Looking at Latin America, Escalante said one of the most important lessons from China's experience is the country's ability to define long-term goals and, above all, to translate them into concrete policies.
"Our countries have very different political systems, histories and social conditions, so this is not about copying the Chinese model," she told the Global Times. "However, we can reflect on the importance of building institutional systems that can plan, coordinate policies, ensure a certain degree of continuity and make public decisions truly take effect."
As the scholar put it, "China's experience can prompt Latin America to ask an important question: how do we build states with enough capacity to turn development goals into concrete and lasting improvements in people's lives?"
。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把生态文明建设摆在党和国家工作的突出位置，把制度建设作为推进生态文明建设的重中之重，推动生态文明建设取得举世瞩目的成就，美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐。生态环境保护能否落到实处，关键在领导干部，根本在制度保障。
B | 2015年8月印发实施的《办法(试行)》，首次对追究党政领导干部生态环境损害责任作出制度性安排，对推动习近平生态文明思想深入人心、生态环境保护责任落地落实发挥了重要作用。
C | 当前，我国经济社会发展已进入加快绿色化、低碳化的高质量发展阶段，生态文明建设从理论到实践发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化，但生态环境保护结构性、根源性、趋势性压力尚未根本缓解，生态环境损害问题时有发生，生态文明建设仍处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期。近年来，党中央对新时代新征程生态环境保护工作作出了一系列新部署新要求，有必要与时俱进对《办法》进行修订完善。 新修订的《办法》深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，坚持和加强党对生态文明建设的全面领导，坚持严的基调和问题导向，抓住领导干部这个“关键少数”，划清责任“红线”，为进一步做好党政领导干部生态环境损害责任追究提供了遵循。
D | 《办法》的修订印发，对于推进生态环境法治建设，完善生态环境保护制度体系，增强各级领导干部责任意识和担当精神，推动生态文明建设和生态环境保护责任落实，推动“十五五”时期美丽中国建设取得新的重大进展，具有重要意义。 问：请介绍一下《办法》修订的主要内容。 答：《办法》共19条，主要在以下几个方面作了修改：一是进一步强化党的领导。将坚持和加强党对生态文明建设的全面领导贯穿《办法》全文，在目的、原则、情形等部分充分体现党中央关于生态文明建设和生态环境保护的一系列新理念新思想新战略，以党政同责、失职追责压实各级党政领导干部政治责任，推动党中央决策部署落地落实。二是拓宽适用对象。
E | 将事业单位、各类开发区领导成员，特别是国有企业及其内设机构、所属企业领导人员增列为参照执行对象，加强对重点领域和重要对象的监督，全方位压实生态环境保护责任。三是细化完善责任追究情形。根据党中央、国务院关于生态文明建设的新部署新要求和相关党内法规、法律法规的新精神新规定，结合近年来巡视巡察、生态环境保护督察、审计等发现的生态环境方面突出问题，在原有追责问责情形基础上作了细化、调整、补充，以便工作中更好地参考把握。四是改进责任追究方式和机制。在责任追究方式上注重与现有法规相衔接，并进一步完善生态环境损害问题调查、线索移送、沟通协作等工作机制。此外，考虑到生态环境法典对“生态环境保护”的界定含括了“资源保护”，为与法典做好衔接，《办法》将原先“生态环境和资源保护”的表述统一改为“生态环境保护”。 问：《办法》中责任追究情形有哪些新变化？ 答：《办法》根据党中央有关决策部署和生态环境领域突出问题，依据党委和政府及其相关部门等在决策、执行、监管中的责任，重点对4类责任主体的责任追究情形作了细化完善。对地方党委和政府主要负责人，主要增加了组织落实深化生态文明体制改革任务，统筹推进生态环境治理体系建设，统筹推进经济社会发展全面绿色转型，贯彻执行国土空间规划、生态环境分区管控、水资源刚性约束等制度，推动山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，组织开展生态环境损害赔偿工作等方面的责任追究情形。对地方党委和政府有关领导成员，主要增加了督促指导分管部门履行生态环境保护职责、落实生态环境保护目标任务，保障生态环境保护有关资金等方面的责任追究情形。对地方政府有关部门领导成员，主要增加了实施生态环境保护行政执法、处理侵害群众利益的生态环境问题等方面的责任追究情形。
F | 同时，将中央和国家机关有关部门、地方党委有关部门领导成员的责任追究情形单列一条作出规定。 问：《办法》对责任追究方式是怎样规定的？ 答：《办法》明确了以下责任追究方式：一是谈话提醒、批评教育、责令检查、诫勉；二是组织调整或者组织处理；三是党纪政务处分。这些责任追究方式，可以单独使用，也可以依据规定合并使用。同时，对涉嫌违法犯罪的，要求及时移送有关机关依法处理。《办法》对责任追究方式的上述修订，做到了与问责条例、党纪处分条例、组织处理规定等党内法规和法律相衔接，既体现抓早抓小、防微杜渐，又涵盖多种方式、适用不同情节，有利于精准开展责任追究，使干部受到的处理与失职失责行为、造成的后果影响等相匹配。
G | 问：《办法》关于责任追究工作机制有哪些新规定？ 答：完善问题调查、线索移送、沟通协作工作机制是推动责任追究工作规范有效开展的重要保证。
H | 《办法》对这三个方面分别提出了新要求。关于问题调查，提出政府负有生态环境保护监督管理职责的部门遇有重大生态环境损害问题或者跨区域、跨流域、跨部门的生态环境损害复杂问题可以提级调查。
I | 关于线索移送，要求巡视巡察、生态环境保护督察、自然资源督察、自然资源资产离任审计等工作中发现的重要生态环境损害问题以及领导干部失职失责情况，应当移送开展责任追究。关于沟通协作，明确有关机关和部门应当完善生态环境损害责任追究的沟通协作机制，对生态环境损害问题早发现、早提醒、早纠正，并根据工作需要加强会商研判、综合作出责任追究决定或者提出责任追究建议。 问：《办法》对开展责任追究工作有什么要求？ 答：生态环境损害责任追究工作是一项政治性、政策性很强的工作，要做到精准科学，有效推动工作，不能简单粗暴，挫伤干部积极性，甚至影响党和政府公信力。
J | 对此，《办法》既强调要严肃问责、终身追责，推动领导干部牢记有权必有责、有责必担当、失责必追究，也强调要正确把握政策界限，结合历史成因、性质程度、应对处置、后果影响、挽回损失等情况，准确作出责任认定和责任追究决定，防止问责泛化、简单化。 问：对抓好新修订的《办法》贯彻落实有什么考虑？ 答：各地区及有关部门要深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，采取有力措施，推动《办法》落地落实。一是加强学习培训。要把《办法》纳入党委(党组)理论学习中心组学习和干部教育培训内容，同学习贯彻生态环境法典、地方党政领导干部生态环境保护责任制规定等法律法规贯通起来，推动领导干部准确把握精神要义和实践要求，知责明责、担当尽责。二是完善配套措施。各省区市可以根据《办法》制定实施细则，结合实际细化责任追究的有关情形、标准、程序等，进一步提高针对性和操作性。国务院负有生态环境保护监督管理职责的部门应当制定落实《办法》的具体制度措施。三是强化制度执行。要用《办法》统一认识、规范工作，按照《办法》规定的原则、情形、方式、方法开展责任追究，实现政治效果、纪法效果、社会效果有机统一。对制度执行不力的，要严肃追究责任。【编辑:刘阳禾】。
K |
